Economics Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Metaphor: a metaphor is the transmission of a linguistic expression into a different context than that in which it was expected. The expectation results from the frequency of previous uses in certain contexts. Through the transmission an expression, which is actually expected at this place in the speech, is replaced. The condition for replacement is a certain similarity between the characteristics of the old and the new expression required for understanding. The improbability of the appearance of the new expression is a condition for the rhetorical effect of the metaphor._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Cognitive Linguistics on Metaphors - Dictionary of Arguments
Gärdenfors I 39 Metaphor/cognitive linguistics/Gärdenfors: the distinction between metonymy and metaphor is a powerful tool for the exploration of word meanings. (See also Broström 1994, p.27-28)(1). >Metonymy. Broström: e.g. in a dog you can see the face but what do you see in a caterpillar? Does the face of an animal body belong to a more general domain like living beings or to an intermediate domain like mammals? >Seeing, >Identification, >Indidivuation, >Parts. Problem/Broström: For example, the definition of "metaphor" does not provide us with a criterion for distinguishing between literal and metaphorical meaning. Domain limits are also not clearer here. (See also Jackendoff & Aaron 1991)(2). >Definitions, >Definability, >Criteria. Solution/GärdenforsVsCognitive linguistics: we should analyze "face" with meronomic (part/whole-) terms and not as a domain. Then the border between "literal" and metaphorical meaning becomes clearer. cf. >Mereology. 1. Broström, S. (1994). The role of metaphor in cognitive semantics. Lund: Lund University. Cognitive Studies 31. 2. Jackendoff R, Aaron D, (1991). Review of More than cool reason: A field guide to poetic metaphor by George Lakoff and Mark Turner January 1991 Language 67(2):320-338 DOI:10.1353/lan.1991.0079_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Cognitive Linguistics Gä I P. Gärdenfors The Geometry of Meaning Cambridge 2014 |
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> Counter arguments in relation to Metaphors
